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A voucher is a document that supports and authorizes an accounting entry or payment transaction. It may include details such as date, amount, purpose,...

Voluntary disclosure means providing information beyond what is strictly required by law or accounting standards, often to improve transparency and stakeholder confidence. This may...

A volume rebate is a discount or refund given by a seller to a buyer after the buyer purchases a specified quantity or achieves...

Volatility refers to the degree of fluctuation in prices, values, earnings, cash flows, or market conditions over time. High volatility means there are frequent...

A void transaction is a transaction that is cancelled, invalid, or treated as having no legal or accounting effect. It may arise because of...

The vesting period is the time an employee, investor, or beneficiary must wait or fulfill conditions before gaining full rights to an asset, benefit,...

Vertical analysis is a financial statement analysis method where each item is shown as a percentage of a base figure within the same statement....

Vendor management is the process of selecting, monitoring, evaluating, and coordinating suppliers to ensure timely delivery, quality service, cost efficiency, and compliance. It includes...

A variance report is a structured report showing the differences between actual results and planned or standard figures, along with explanations where available. It...

Variance analysis is the process of comparing actual results with budgeted, standard, or expected figures in order to identify differences and understand why they...

Variable overhead refers to indirect production or operating costs that change with activity levels. Examples may include indirect materials, machine-related power consumption, or certain...

A variable cost is a cost that changes in direct proportion to the level of activity, production, or sales volume. Examples include raw materials,...