A2R Info Solutions Glossary

A Account Accountant Accounting Period Accounting Ratio Accounting System Accounts Payable Accounts Payable Turnover Ratio Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio Accrual Accrual Basis Accounting Accumulated Depreciation Acid-Test Ratio Active Income Activity-Based Costing (ABC) Adjusted Trial Balance Aging Schedule All-Inclusive Income Statement All-Purpose Financial Statement Allocation Amortization Annual Report Assets At Cost Audit B Bad Debt Bad Debt Expense Balance of Payments Balance Sheet Bank Draft Bank Guarantee Bank Loan Bank Overdraft Bank Reconciliation Bank Statement Benchmarking Billed Revenue Billing Bond Discount Bond Payable Bond Yield Book Closure Book Value Bookkeeping Bookkeeping System Breach of Contract Break Even Point Bribery Budgetary Control C Capital Capital Gain Capital Lease Capital Structure Cash Accounting Cash Equivalent Cash Flow Cash Management Chart of Accounts Closing Entries Comprehensive Income Conservatism Principle Consolidated Financial Statement Contingent Liability Contra Account Contractual Obligations Contribution Margin Contribution Margin Ratio Controlling Interest Cost Accounting Cost Allocation Cost Behavior Cost of Goods Sold Cost Pool Credit Current Assets Current Liabilities Current Ratio D Data Integrity Data Reconciliation Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) Debentures Debit Decision Usefulness Declining Balance Method Deduction Deferred Expense Deferred Income Deferred Income Tax Deferred Liability Deferred Payment Sale Deficiency Account Deficit Deficit Account Delivery Notes Demand Deposit Departmental Accounting Depleted Cost Depreciation Depreciation Expense Detailed Audit Differential Cost Direct Cost Direct Overhead Discount on Sales or Purchases Double-Entry Accounting Draft E Early Payment Discount Earned Income Earned Surplus Earnings Per Share (EPS) Earnings Quality Earnings Statement Economic Value Added (EVA) Effective Interest Rate Employee Liabilities Encashment Encumbrance Endowment Fund Entity Concept Equitable Charge Equity Equity Method of Accounting Errors and Omissions Escrow Account Estimated Liability Estimated Useful Life Exchange Gain/Loss Exempt Income Expenditure Expense Allocation Expenses Extended Trial Balance External Stakeholders Extraordinary Depreciation Extraordinary Expense F Factoring Fair Value FIFO (First In, First Out) Finance Charge Financial Accounting Financial Control Financial Leverage Financial Ratios Financial Risk Financial Statements Fiscal Policy Fixed Assets Fixed Costs Fixed Deposit Forecasting Foreign Exchange Gain or Loss Forensic Accounting Fringe Benefits Full Disclosure Principle Functional Currency Fund Accounting Funds Flow Statement G GAAP Gain on Sale of Asset Gearing Ratio General Ledger Going Concern Goods in Transit Goodwill Government Grants Grant Accounting Gratuity Green Accounting Gross Book Value Gross Fixed Assets Gross Income Gross Margin Gross Operating Profit Gross Profit Gross Sales Group Financial Statements H Head Office Account Hedge Accounting Hedge Effectiveness Hedging High-Low Method Hire Purchase Accounting Historical Cost Historical Trend Analysis Holding Company Holding Gain Homogeneous Cost Pool Horizontal Analysis Human Resource Accounting Hurdle Rate Hybrid Accounting Hybrid Security Hyperinflation Accounting Hypothecation I Idle Capacity Impairment Loss Imputed Cost Income Income Smoothing Incremental Cost Incurred Expense Indirect Expense Indirect Tax Initial Recognition Input Cost Allocation Input Tax Credit (ITC) Insolvency Installment Intangible Asset Intercompany Transactions Interest Interim Financial Statement Internal Control Inventory Inventory Turnover Ratio Investment Investment Property Invoice Issued Share Capital J Job Costing Job Order Contract Job Profit Margin Joint and Several Liability Joint Cost Joint Liability Joint Product Revenue Joint Venture Journal Entry Journal Voucher Journalizing Judgmental Forecasting Judicial Review in Taxation Junior Debt Jurisdictional Taxation Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory Justifiable Value K K-1 Form (Schedule K-1) Kaizen Costing Keeper of Records Kernel of Earnings Key Audit Matter (KAM) Key Control Account Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Key Ratio Analysis Keyman Insurance Kickback Kickoff Balance Kiting Knock-for-Knock Agreement Knock-In Option (Accounting Treatment) Knockdown Cost Knowledge Capital Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) Known Liability L Labour Cost Variance Lease Accounting Ledger Posting Ledger Reconciliation Legal Reserve Letter of Credit Letter of Engagement Level of Materiality Leverage Ratio Leveraged Buyout (LBO) Liability Life Cycle Costing LIFO Limited Liability Limited Partnership Liquid Assets Liquidation Liquidity Ratio Listing Requirements Loan Amortization Loan Covenant Lodgements Long-Term Debt Long-Term Provision Loss Contingency Loss Ratio Lump-Sum Purchase M Management Accounting System Management Buyout (MBO) Management Representation Letter Managerial Accounting Manufacturing Overhead Margin Marginal Cost Market Value Marketable Securities Markup Matching Principle Materiality Maturity Date Memorandum Entry Merger Accounting Minimum Lease Payments Misstatement Modified Accrual Accounting Monetary Unit Assumption Monetary Working Capital Money Measurement Concept Mortgage Payable Moving Average Method Multi-Step Income Statement Mutual Fund Accounting N Natural Account Negative Cash Flow Negotiable Instrument Net Assets Net Book Value Net Income Net Present Value (NPV) Net Profit Margin Net Realizable Value Net Sales Net Working Capital Niche Market Revenue Nominal Account Nominal Interest Rate Non-Adjusting Event Non-Cash Expense Non-Controlling Interest Non-Current Liabilities Non-Monetary Asset Non-Operating Income Non-Recurring Expense Normal Balance Notes Payable Notes Receivable O Obsolescence Off-Balance Sheet Items Opening Balance Operating Cycle Operating Expenses Operating Income Operating Lease Order of Liquidity Original Cost Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) Outsourced Accounting Outstanding Shares Overapplied Overhead Overhead Owner’s Equity P Par Value Partnership Payroll Perpetual Inventory Petty Cash Physical Inventory Post Closing Balance Sheet Prepaid Expense Prepaid Income Prepaid Interest Price Margin Principal Processing Cost Production Budget Profit and Loss Statement Profit Margin Provision Public Offering Purchase Order Purchase Returns Purchases Journal Q Qualified Audit Qualified Dividend Qualified Opinion Qualified Retirement Plan Quality of Earnings Quantity Variance Quarter-End Closing Quasi Contract Quasi Reorganisation Quick Assets Quick Ratio Quiet Period Quorum Quota Quoted Price R Ratio Analysis Realization Concept Receivable Reconciliation Reorder Level Reserve Residual Cost Retained Earnings Return on Investment (ROI) Revaluation Surplus Revenue Revenue Expenditure Revenue Recognition Reverse Entry Risk Assessment Royalty Running Costs S Sales Sales Revenue Sales Tax Secured Loan Segment Reporting Service Revenue Share Capital Solvency Ratio Standard Costing Statement of Changes in Equity Stocktaking Straight-Line Depreciation Subsidiary Ledger Substantive Testing Sunk Cost Suspense Account Systematic Allocation T Tangible Asset Tax Deductible Expense Tax Payable Tax Provision Tax Shield Temporary Account Throughput Time Value of Money Total Asset Turnover Trade Discount Trade Payables Trade Receivables Transaction Costs Transfer Pricing Treasury Stock Trial Balance Trust Account Turnover U Unappropriated Retained Earnings Uncollectible Accounts Under-Absorption of Overheads Underlying Profit Understated Underwriting Commission Unearned Discount Unearned Revenue Unfavourable Variance Uniform Costing Unit Cost Unit Trust Unit-Level Activity Unpaid Expenses Unqualified Opinion Unrealised Gain Unrealised Loss Unsecured Loan Upstream Transaction Useful Life Usury Utility Expense Utilization Rate V Valuation Valuation Account Valuation Allowance Value Added Tax (VAT) Variable Cost Variable Overhead Variance Analysis Variance Report Vendor Management Vertical Analysis Vesting Period Void Transaction Volatility Volume Rebate Voluntary Disclosure Voucher W Waiver Warrant Warranty Liability Wash Sale Watered Stock Weighted Average Cost Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) White Knight Windfall Gain Window Dressing Withdrawals (Owner’s Drawings) Withholding Tax Work in Progress (WIP) Work Order Accounting Workforce Turnover Cost Working Capital Working Capital Turnover Working Trial Balance Write-Down Write-Off X X-Dividend Date X-Efficiency X-Mark Signature X-Rate (Exchange Rate) X-Working Capital Adjustment XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) Xenocurrency XML in Accounting Systems Y Yankee Bond Year-End Adjustment Year-End Closing Year-Over-Year (YoY) Growth Yearly Depreciation Yearly Financial Statement Yellow Book Standards Yield Yield Curve Yield Management Yield Ratio Yield Spread Yield to Maturity (YTM) Yield Variance Yield-Based Pricing YTD (Year-to-Date) Z Z-Score (Altman Z-Score) Zakat Accounting Zero Balance Account (ZBA) Zero Defect Accounting Zero Growth Rate Zero Inventory System Zero Net Present Value (Zero NPV) Zero Variance Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) Zero-Coupon Bond Zero-Sum Game Zonal Costing Zonal Reporting Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA)